Summary human lymphatic filariasis is caused mainly by wuchereria bancrofti. Sackey2 health research unit and disease control unit, ministry of health, accra, ghana abstract a national filariasis survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of wuchereria. Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted from man to man by the bites of mosquitoes, particularly the brownblack common house mosquito, culex quinquefasciatus say, 1823. Lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, threadlike worms that only live in the human lymph system, which maintains the bodys fluid balance and fights infections. Epidemiology cause lymphatic filariasis lf is caused by infection with threadlike worms called nematodes of the family filarioidea. Lymphatic filariasis control lymphatic filariasis control programme the current strategy of filariasis control elimination is based on. In turn, mass drug administration campaigns against lymphatic filariasis can be combined with the distribution of. Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis are parasitic helminth diseases that constitute a serious public health issue in tropical regions. The population dynamics and epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis.
The life cycle of lymphatic filariasis carter center. The skin may become thicker as well, and the condition may become painful. Control of morbidity interruption of the transmission can be achieved through. Dec is contraindicated in patients who may also have onchocerciasis. Transactions of the royal society of tropical medicine and hygiene 1996 90,2630 descriptive epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis in ghana john o. Some people, however, develop a syndrome called elephantiasis, which is marked by severe swelling in the arms, legs, breasts, or genitals. In india 99% of infections come from a type of mosquito spreading a. Lymphatic filariasis in india is the presence of the disease lymphatic filariasis in india and all the social response to it. It is therefore necessary, when estimat ing the prevalence of lymphatic filariasis, to include both the microfilariapositive individuals and those with filarial disease. Lymphatic filariasis epidemiology stanford university. Lymphatic filariasis is a human disease caused by parasitic worms known as filarial worms. There is an increasing amount of research in the parasitology area that analyses the patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. Apr 09, 2016 lymphatic filariasis is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, threadlike worms that only live in the human lymph system, which maintains the bodys fluid balance and fights infections.
Lymphatic filariasis affects over 120 million people in 72 countries throughout the tropics and subtropics of asia, africa, the western pacific, and parts of the caribbean and south america. The global programme for the elimination of lymphatic filariasis gpelf was established in early 2000. Epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis mak novartis foundation. Podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis are both characterised by lymphoedema of the limbs, leading to enlarged legs, male genitals and female breasts 79. Currently, more than 120 million people are affected by lymphatic filariasis, including 25 million men who suffer from the genital swellings associated with the disease and 15 million people who suffer from severe lymphodema or elephantiasis of the leg reference 10.
The prevalence of lymphatic filariasis in elementary school. Medline abstract for reference 1 of lymphatic filariasis. Lymphatic filariasis genetic and rare diseases information. Presentation on epidemiology and control of filariasis lymphatic filariasis in india slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Disease pathogenesis is linked to host inflammation invoked by the death of the. The prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection and disease following. Now lets talk about filariasis, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment. Lymphatic filariasis is a mosquitoborne parasitic disease that is caused by a filarial nematode wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi or brugia timori and is, within the group of neglected tropical diseases, an important cause of chronic morbidity. However, there is an indication that lymphatic filariasis existed as early as 1500 b. Pdf human lymphatic filariasis is caused mainly by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori. The impact of leprosy, podoconiosis and lymphatic filariasis.
Multistage systematic sampling was used to select households to be examined in all 10 administrative regions of the country. Lymphatic filariasis an overview sciencedirect topics. Education and information about lymphatic filariasis epidemiology. The prevalence of lymphatic filariasis infection and disease. Parasite epidemiology and control journal elsevier. Lymphatic filariasis is a debilitating disease caused by the filarial worm wuchereria bancrofti. Pdf the epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis in ghana. A bibliometric profile of lymphatic filariasis research in india. Lymphatic filariasis pathogenesis stanford university. Epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis with special reference to. The epidemiology of filariasis control springerlink.
Lymphatic filariasis lf is caused by infection with threadlike worms called nematodes of the family filarioidea. Avoidance of mosquito bites through personal protection measures or communitylevel vector control is the best option to prevent lymphatic filariasis. Apr 18, 2015 epidemiology and control of filariasis 1. Lymphatic filariasis lymphatic filariasis lf is caused by two main types of vectorborne filarial nematodes. Often neglected, it is one of the oldest and the most debilitating tropical diseases ntds, transmitted from human to human by mosquitoes bites, particularly the brown black mosquito known as culex quinquifasciatus. If the address matches an existing account you will receive an email with instructions to reset your password. The economic burden of lymphatic filariasis is tremendous. It is a nonparasitic disease, and like lymphatic filariasis, results in impairments due to lymphodema. In mass drug administration, all eligible people in all endemic areas are given a single. Available data show that the use of treated or untreated bednets and indoor residual spraying for malaria control concomitantly reduced filarial rates.
Fertilized female worms release embryonic offspring, called microfilariae, that enter the blood stream. Directions to hospitals treating lymphatic filariasis. It is interesting to note that in terms of average citations per paper acpp, ghana has scored highest acpp of 48. Before dec treatment for lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis should be excluded in all patients with a consistent exposure history because of the possibility of severe exacerbations of skin and eye involvement mazzotti reaction. Epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis. The global programmes to eliminate both malaria and lymphatic filariasis are facing operational and technical challenges. The prepatent period is known as the period between the entrance of the infective larva into the human host and the first appearance of microfilaria within the human host reference 18. Bionomics of the principal vector, aedes polynesiensis marks1, american journal of epidemiology, volume we use cookies to enhance your experience on our website. Lymphatic filariasis lf is a group of human and animal infectious diseases caused by nematode parasites of the order filariidae. Lymphatic filariasis, considered globally as a neglected tropical disease ntd, is a parasitic disease caused by microscopic, threadlike worms.
Podoconiosis is clinically distinguished from lymphatic filariasis through commonly being ascending and bilateral but asymmetric, while lymphatic filariasis is often unilateral 7,10. What is lymphatic filariasis lymphatic filariasis is a vectorborne parasitic disease that is. Lymphatic filariasis lf is caused by two main types of vectorborne filarial nematodes. It is earmarked for elimination by the year 2020 through the global program for the elimination of lf gpelf. So, while lymphatic filariasis is still considered to be a serious public health problem in the rest of. Pdf epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis researchgate. In asia, the disease can also be caused by brugia malayi and brugia timori. There are three different filarial species that can cause lymphatic filariasis in humans. Eliminate lymphatic filariasis gpelf is to eliminate the disease as a public health problem by 2020 1. Marked by a wide range of clinical manifestations in humans, it is among the socalled neglected tropical diseases and is more common in disadvantaged populations lacking sanitation services and treated water supply.
India is the largest lf endemic country and has targeted the elimination of lf by 2015. Parasite epidemiology and control is an open access journal. Human lymphatic filariasis lf, commonly known as elephantiasis due to appearance of elephantoid lower limbs, is caused by nematode parasites roundworms of the order filariidae comprising. Epidemiology of elephantiasis with special emphasis on.
The life cycle of lymphatic filariasis swelling an infected mosquito deposits larvae on the skin while biting, and the larvae enter the wound. Mar 12, 2016 presentation on epidemiology and control of filariasis lymphatic filariasis in india slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. A national filariasis survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of wuchereria bancrofti microfilaraemia and clinical disease associated with lymphatic filariasis in ghana. Lymphatic filariasis epidemiology, treatment and prevention. Inflammation around those worms result in obstruction of lymphatic flow and complications ensue. Periodic examination of blood for infection and initiation of recommended treatment are also likely to prevent clinical manifestations. Our understanding of the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of hydrocoele one of the sequelae of lymphatic filariasis where fluid collects in the scrotal sac causing it to link. What is lymphatic filariasis lymphatic filariasis is a vectorborne parasitic disease that is endemic in many tropical and subtropical countries. Like in the case for lymphatic filariasis, a basic package of care can alleviate suffering and prevent further progression of disease and disability. Most of the infections worldwide are caused by wuchereria bancrofti.
Lf is the second most common vectorborne parasitic disease after malaria6. Sackey2 health research unit and disease control unit, ministry of health, accra, ghana abstract a national filariasis survey was conducted to determine the prevalence and distribution of wuchereria ban crofti. Categorized as an ntd neglected tropical disease, it nevertheless is a major public health problem in many parts of the tropics where it imposes a severe physical, psychological. Descriptive epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis in ghana. The filarial nematodes that cause these diseases are transmitted by bloodfeeding insects and produce chronic and longterm infection through suppression of host immunity. Lymphatic filariasis is listed as a rare disease by the office of rare diseases ord of the national institutes of health nih. The adult worms only live in the human lymph system. The treatment and prevention of lymphatic filariasis and other filarial infections, including onchocerciasis, loiasis, and mansonellosis are discussed separately. The lymph system maintains the bodys fluid balance and fights infections. Human lymphatic filariasis is caused mainly by wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori. Lymphatic filariasis and onchocerciasis the lancet. They are wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, brugia timori, onchocerca volvulus, loa loa, t perstans, t streptocerca, mansonella ozzardi out of these, the first 3 cause lymphatic filariasis.
The aims of the programme are i to interrupt transmission with mass drug administration and ii to manage morbidity and prevent disability. This epidemiology of parasite infectious diseases is predominantly studied in human populations but also spans. In india 99% of infections come from a type of mosquito spreading a type of worm through a mosquito bite. Wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi and brugia timori that damage the human lymphatic system and transmitted by mosquitoes3. Pdf modelling the epidemiology, transmission and control of. Lymphatic filariasis lf is a chronic infectious disease caused by filarial worms wuchereria bancrofti, brugia malayi, and b. This means that lymphatic filariasis, or a subtype of lymphatic filariasis, affects less than 200,000 people in the us population. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Epidemiology 1 agent factors there are atleast 8 species of filarial parasites that are specific to man. A bibliometric profile of lymphatic filariasis research in india 75 28,780 citations and india ranked third with 12,225 citations. Lymphatic filariasis is spread from person to person by mosquitoes. Epidemiology of lymphatic filariasis with special reference. Filarial elephantiasis also called lymphatic filariasis lf is caused by three different types of threadlike parasitic worms.
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